| 不同栽培模式下冬小麦灌浆过程中旗叶蔗糖代谢和籽粒淀粉积累特性 |
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| 引用本文：陈 炜，李红兵，邓西平.不同栽培模式下冬小麦灌浆过程中旗叶蔗糖代谢和籽粒淀粉积累特性[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(5):641~649 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2018.05.005 |
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| 基金项目:宝鸡文理学院重点科研项目(ZK16066)；国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB150402)；西北农林科技大学博士科研启动金(Z111021311)。 |
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| 中文摘要:旨在研究4种不同栽培模式（当地传统栽培模式CM1、优化栽培模式CM2、高产栽培模式CM3和高效栽培模式CM4）对冬小麦灌浆过程中旗叶蔗糖代谢和籽粒淀粉合成的影响。测定旗叶中可溶性糖和蔗糖的质量分数、蔗糖磷酸化酶(Sucrose phosphate synthase，SPS)和蔗糖合成酶（Sucrose synthase,SS）的活性、籽粒中淀粉质量分数、结晶态淀粉合成酶(Granule-Bound starch synthase,GBSS)和可溶性淀粉合成酶（Soluble starch synthase,SSS）的活力，并计算籽粒中淀粉的累积速率。结果表明，旗叶中可溶性糖和蔗糖的质量分数及蔗糖代谢相关酶的活性都呈现单峰变化的趋势，旗叶中可溶性糖和蔗糖的质量分数出现最大值的时间在开花后第30天，比蔗糖代谢相关酶（SS和SPS）活性最大值出现的时间晚6 d；籽粒淀粉合成相关酶(SSS和GBSS)活性的最大值分别出现在花后第24天和30天。籽粒淀粉累积速率呈现出“慢-快-慢”的趋势，而籽粒中淀粉的质量分数随着灌浆过程的进行持续升高。在不同的小麦品种中，‘长旱58’在籽粒灌浆过程中旗叶的蔗糖代谢和籽粒淀粉积累都优于‘长武134’。在不同栽培模式下，以CM3中蔗糖向淀粉转化的酶的活性最高，可能是由于CM3施用有机肥，从而改善土壤的水分和养分状况，增加光合能力，缓解旗叶的衰老，提高籽粒积累光合同化物的能力，最终使CM3中籽粒的淀粉质量分数最高。 |
| 中文关键词:冬小麦 栽培模式 籽粒灌浆 蔗糖代谢 淀粉积累 |
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| The Characteristics of Sucrose Metabolism in Flag Leaf and Grain Starch Accumulation during Grain Filling Period under Different Cultivation Modes |
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| Abstract:In order to explore the characteristics of sucrose metabolism in flag leaf and grain starch accumulation during grain filling period under different cultivation modes．Four different cultivation modes, including local traditional cultivation mode (CM1), optimized cultivation mode (CM2), high yield cultivation mode (CM3) and high efficiency cultivation mode (CM4), were conducted in field experiment under rain-fed conditions at the Changwu Agro-ecological Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(107°40′ E,35°12′ N,1 220 m altitude) during winter wheat growth season(September 2008 to July 2009)．The mass fraction of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC ) and sucrose, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) in flag leaf and the mass fraction of starch, the activity of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) and soluble starch synthase (SSS) in grain during grain filling were measured, and the rate of starch accumulation during grain filling period was calculated．The results showed that the all indicators which involved the sucrose metabolism in flag leaf, including the mass fractions of WSC and sucrose, and the activities of enzymes, showed unimodal curves, the maximum mass fraction of WSC and sucrose appeared on 30 days after anthesis (DAA), which was 6 days later than the date of appearance of the maximum SPS and SS activities ．Also, the activities of SSS and GBSS showed unimodal curves and the maximum activity appeared on 24 DAA and 30 DAA, respectively. The rate of starch accumulation showed ‘slow-fast-slow’ tendency during grain filling, however, the amount of starch accumulation was increasing with the process of grain filling.In different winter wheat cultivars, compared with ‘Changwu134’ cultivar, ‘Changhan58’ cultivar showed superior performance in sucrose metabolism of flag leaf and starch accumulation in grain during grain filling.In different cultivation modes, CM3 had the highest activities of enzymes which related to the conversion from sucrose to starch in source and sink organs. Thus, it was inferred that application of organic manure in CM3 improved the water and nutrients status in soil, increasing the ability of photosynthesis, alleviating the senescence of flag leaf, enhancing the accumulation abilities of photosynthase and starch in grains, finally, the maximum starch fraction mass was attained in grains． |
| keywords:Winter wheat Cultivation mode Grain filling Sucrose metabolism Starch accumulation |
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