| 扁桃休眠期前后结果枝内矿质营养的变化及其对坐果的影响 |
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| 引用本文：郭春苗，杨 波，木巴热克·阿尤普,许 娟，车玉红，龚 鹏，徐叶挺，廖 康.扁桃休眠期前后结果枝内矿质营养的变化及其对坐果的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(8):1184~1191 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2018.08.013 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31460497）；上海合作组织科技伙伴计划（2017E01025）。 |
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| 中文摘要:分析扁桃结果枝休眠期前后矿质元素的积累与代谢变化及其对坐果的影响，为扁桃低产园的改造提供理论依据。选取连续3 a持续低产和高产的2个果园作为研究对象，以新疆主栽品种‘纸皮’扁桃为试材，分析在休眠期前后结果枝木质部和韧皮部中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Zn、Fe、Mn和Cu 10种矿质元素质量分数变化差异，同时统计2个果园当年坐果情况。结果表明：①扁桃休眠期前后高产园和低产园中扁桃结果枝中的矿质元素变化趋势基本一致，休眠期扁桃结果枝内的矿质元素仍呈积累或代谢状态，休眠前期质量分数升高，到扁桃打破休眠萌芽前后质量分数急剧下降；②扁桃休眠期结果枝木质部和韧皮部中N、P、K、B和Mn 5种矿质元素质量分数均表现为高产园的高于低产园的；③扁桃休眠期结果枝矿质营养的积累水平直接影响着翌年扁桃的坐果率和产量。因此，加强扁桃园的管理，促进休眠期结果枝矿质营养的积累是提高扁桃坐果率和产量的重要措施。 |
| 中文关键词:扁桃 休眠期 矿质元素 动态变化 产量 |
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| Changes of Mineral Nutrition of Bearing Branches and Its Effects on Fruit-setting before and after Dormancy Stage in Almond |
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| Abstract:Almond is an economic fruit with low yield.In order to solve problem of low-yield, fruiting branches before and after the dormancy stage were used for analyzing the accumulation and metabolic changes of mineral elements, also for analyzing the effects on fruit setting.The same varieties of sustainable low and high yield trees in different two orchards at three consecutive years(2012-2014) of the same age were taken as study material(main cultivated variety ‘Zhipi’ ) in this study.We analyzed the quality fraction variation of ten elements of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,B,Zn,Fe,Mn,Cu in the xylogen and phloem of bearing branches before and after the period of dormancy.At the same time, statistical analysis of the percentage of fruit setting and the yield per tree were conducted.The results showed that:①the trend of mineral elements changes in xylogen and phloem of bearing-branches in high yield orchard before and after the period of dormancy was identical to the low yield orchard.The quality fraction of mineral elements were still accumulated or metabolized in the bearing -branches of the dormant almond and rose sharply before the period of dormancy and declined from period of germination;②the quality fractions of 5 mineral elements, including N,P,K,B,Mn in the xylogen and phloem of bearing-branches of high yield orchard were higher than low yield orchard;③the level of mineral nutrition accumulation in bearing branches during dormant period was one of the key factors that could have influence on the percentage of fruit-setting and the yield in the following year.Therefore, strengthening management of almond orchard and promoting the mineral nutrition in dormant period are important measures to improve the percentage of fruit setting and yield in almond fruits. |
| keywords:Almond Period of dormancy Mineral elements Dynamic change Production |
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