| 3种打（封）顶方式对南疆棉花株型及干物质积累的影响 |
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| 引用本文：吴雪琴，赵 强，田立文，李江余，马春梅，田阳青.3种打（封）顶方式对南疆棉花株型及干物质积累的影响[J].西北农业学报,2021,(12):1797~1803 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2021.12.005 |
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| 基金项目:新疆兵团科技攻关项目(2018AB039)。 |
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| 中文摘要:为了比较滴灌条件下，不同打（封）顶方式对棉花生长发育的差别，探讨随水滴施化学封顶的可行性。以'新陆早67'为材料，在新疆库尔勒和什力克乡进行田间试验，设置3个处理叶面喷施缩节胺、人工打顶、随水滴施缩节胺+调环酸钙+胺鲜酯。结果表明，人工打顶的株高最低，较叶面喷施和随水滴施处理分别降低 3.64%、11.20%，外围铃比例最高达21.87%。叶面喷施缩节胺可塑造较好的株型结构，株宽较人工打顶和随水滴施处理降低8.82%、3.62%；叶绿素含量显著提高，较人工打顶和随水滴施处理增加9.89%、21.95%；促进棉花源器官的物质输出，蕾铃占比最高达52.27%。随水滴施化学封顶可以增加棉花单株结铃数并合理分配棉铃的时空分布，其伏桃比例最高达79.17%，内围铃比例较人工打顶显著增加18.87%；干物质积累得到提高，其蕾铃干质量的积累量最高达32.99 g。综上所述，化学封顶能一定程度上取代人工打顶，叶面喷施缩节胺处理能塑造紧凑的株型，促进光合产物由源器官向库器官的运移，有利于蕾铃的发育及合理分配。随水滴施化学封顶能够有效的协调棉花生殖生长与营养生长，可以起到人工打顶的效果，同时能通过促进棉花后期发育建立较大的群体，有增产潜力，通过随水滴施进行化学封顶切实可行。 |
| 中文关键词:棉花 化学打顶 人工打顶 干物质积累 |
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| Effect of Three Top Topping(Capping) Methods on Plant Type and Dry Matter Accumulation of Cotton in Southern Xinjiang |
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| Abstract:In order to compare the effect of topping(capping) on cotton growth and development under drip irrigation, the feasibility of chemical capping by drip fertilization with water was discussed.Using 'Xinluzao 67'as material，a field experiment was conducted in Heshenlike town of Korla.Spraying DPC on leaf surfaces, artificial topping, and drip fertilization by applying DPC + prohexadione calcium + diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with water were designed for the experiment.The result showed that the plant height under artificial topping was the lowest, which was 3.64% and 11.20% lower than treatments of leaf surface spraying and drip fertilization with water, respectively, and the percentage of outer bolls was up to 21.87%.The plant structure was better after spraying of DPC on the leaf surfaces, and the plant width decreased by 8.82% and 3.62%, respectively compared with that under artificial topping and drip fertilization with water; The chlorophyll content significantly increased, which was 9.89% and 21.95% higher than that under treatments of artificial topping and drip fertilization with water; The ratio of buds and bolls was up to 52.27% after promoting the material output of cotton source organs.The chemical capping under treatment of drip fertilization with water was helpful for increasing the number of bolls per plant and realizing reasonable distribution of the bolls.The highest percentage of canicular day bolls was 79.17%, and the ratio of inner bollsis significantly increased by 18.87% compared with that under artificial topping; The dry matter accumulation increased, and the accumulated dry weight of the buds and bollswas up to 32.99 g.In summary, chemical capping can replace artificial topping to some extent.Spraying of DPC on leaf surfaces can help to shape compact plant types, promote the transport of photosynthetic products from source organs to sink organs, and is beneficial to the development and reasonable distribution of buds and bolls.Chemical capping under treatment of drip fertilization with water can effectively coordinate the reproductive and nutritional growth of cotton in stead of artificial topping.It can also promote the later development of cotton to establish bigger populations, and has the potential to increase the production.It is feasible to popularize chemical capping through drip fertilization with water. |
| keywords:Cotton Chemical topping Manual topping Dry matter accumulation |
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