| 优化施肥对关中灌区冬小麦产量及氮肥利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文：董云杰，呼延艺洁，王金平，韩 娟.优化施肥对关中灌区冬小麦产量及氮肥利用的影响[J].西北农业学报,2022,(3):270~278 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2022.03.002 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划重点项目（2018ZDXM-NY-002）；西北农林科技大学试验示范站（基地）科技创新与成果转化项目（TGZX2020-16）。 |
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| 中文摘要:为探索适合关中灌区冬小麦生产的施肥措施，实现陕西省粮食生产安全和土壤可持续利用，以冬小麦品种‘小偃22’为对象，研究常规施用尿素（CK；N：270 kg/hm2）、单施尿素（U；N：210 kg/hm2）、尿素配施菌肥（UBF；N：210 kg/hm2，菌肥：3 600 kg/hm2）和尿素配施生物炭（UBC；N：210 kg/hm2，生物炭：22 500 kg/hm2）4 种施肥措施对冬小麦生长发育、产量构成和氮肥利用的影响。结果表明，优化施肥处理UBF、UBC通过促进冬小麦中后期的生长，提高开花期叶面积指数和成熟期干物质积累量。开花期，优化施肥处理UBF、UBC冬小麦叶面积指数较常规施用尿素处理CK增加2.54%～5.00%；成熟期，尿素配施生物炭处理UBC冬小麦干物质积累量较其他3 个处理增加8.41%～17.94%。优化施肥处理U、UBF、UBC冬小麦的成穗数和茎蘖成穗率较常规施用尿素处理CK分别增加1.79%～10.07%、13.70%～31.37%；产量和穗粒数规律均表现为U2氮肥和22 500 kg/hm2生物炭，拔节期追施90 kg/hm2氮肥的处理表现最优，是关中灌区农业生产中较为适宜的优化施肥处理。 |
| 中文关键词:冬小麦 优化施肥 产量 氮肥利用 关中灌区 |
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| Effect of Optimized Fertilization on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Winter Wheat in Guanzhong Irrigation Area |
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| Abstract:In order to explore suitable fertilization measures for winter wheat production in Guanzhong irrigation area，so as to realize food production safety and a sustainable soil utilization in Shaanxi province. The winter wheat variety ‘Xiaoyan 22’ was taken as object, the effects of four fertilization measures on the growth and development, yield composition and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat were studied, the four measures included conventional application of urea (CK; N:270 kg/hm2), single application of urea (U; N:210 kg/hm2), urea combined with bacterial fertilizer (UBF; N:210 kg/hm2, bacterial fertilizer:3 600 kg/hm2) , urea combined with biochar (UBC; N:210 kg/hm2, biochar:22.5 t/hm), the results showed that the UBF and UBC treatments could promote the growth of winter wheat at the middle and late stages, increased the leaf area index at the flowering stage and the dry matter accumulation at the mature stage. At the flowering stage, the leaf area index of winter wheat under UBF and UBC treatments increased by 2.54%-5.00% compared with CK; at maturity stage, the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat under UBC treatment increased by 8.41%- 17.94% compared with the other three treatments. Compared with CK, the number of spike and the stem tiller rate of winter wheat under the optimized fertilization treatments of U, UBF, UBC increased by 1.79%-10.07%, 13.70%-31.37%, respectively; the law of yield and grain number per spike were both U2 nitrogen fertilizer and 22 500 kg/hm2 biochar before sowing, and topdressing of 90 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage showed the best performance, and it was a more suitable optimized fertilization treatment in agricultural production in Guanzhong irrigation area. |
| keywords:Winter wheat Optimized fertilization Yield Nitrogen utilization Guanzhong irrigation area |
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