| 不同秸秆覆盖对猕猴桃园土壤水分的影响 |
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| 引用本文：赵 英，郭旭新，杜 璇，闫小红，高志永，支玉玺.不同秸秆覆盖对猕猴桃园土壤水分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2022,(3):388~397 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2022.03.015 |
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| 基金项目:杨凌职业技术学院自然科学研究基金（A2018018）；杨凌职业技术学院“博士+高职生”工作室建设项目（BG202001）。 |
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| 中文摘要:为探究秸秆覆盖对猕猴桃园土壤水分的影响，2020-2021年在杨凌猕猴桃园以不覆盖为对照（CK），分别以长度为5 cm，厚度为5、10、15 cm的玉米秸秆（YJ）和小麦秸秆（MJ）为覆盖处理，对猕猴桃生育期10~90 cm土层土壤含水量进行动态测定，分析不同处理的土壤含水量、耗水量及水分利用效率。结果表明：猕猴桃园土壤水分的主要活动层在10~40 cm土层，但10~40 cm土层平均含水量较40~90 cm土层含水量低2.54%~4.65%。与CK相比，各覆盖处理均能提高猕猴桃各生育期内10~90 cm土层的土壤含水量，其中YJ10处理在开花坐果期10~90 cm土层的土壤储水量是CK的249.51%；使40~90 cm土层的土壤含水量在38%以上的天数占果实膨大期总天数的67.8%，保墒能力最强；MJ5处理保墒能力仅次于YJ10。在全生育期内，CK处理的耗水量最大，YJ10处理的耗水量最小且水分利用效率是CK处理的1.33倍，MJ5处理的耗水量仅大于YJ10，二者间无显著差异。陕西关中地区猕猴桃园秸秆覆盖材料首选玉米秸秆，厚度10 cm，次选小麦秸秆，厚度5 cm。 |
| 中文关键词:秸秆覆盖 猕猴桃园 土壤水分 |
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| Effect of Different Straw Mulching on Soil Moisture of a Kiwifruit Orchard |
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| Abstract:Field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of different straw mulching on soil moisture of a kiwifruit orchard，nomulching theatment was taken as control in the kiwifruit orchards in Yangling during 2020-2021，six experimental treatments, including corn straw mulching (YJ) and wheat straw mulching (MJ) with length of 5 cm and thicknesses of 5, 10 and 15 cm (i.e., YJ5, YJ10, YJ15, MJ5, MJ10, and MJ15, respectively)were compared with the control treatment (CK) to evaluate the effect of diferent straw mulching on soil moisture of a kiwifruit orchard. Soil moisture content at 10-90 cm depths of soil during the kiwifruit growth period was dynamically monitored. Soil moisture content, water consumption and water use efficiency under different mulching treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the active soil water layer was mainly at 10-40 cm, depths,but the average soil water content at 10-40 cm depths of soil was 2.54%-4.65% lower than that at 40-90 cm depths of soil.Compared with CK, all mulching treatments increased soil water content at 10-90 cm depths of soil in each growth period of kiwifruit. At the flowering and fruit-setting stages, soil water storage of YJ10 was 249.51% of CK at 10-90 cm depths of soil. During the fruit expansion period, soil moisture at 40-90 cm depths of soil was maintained above 38%，accounting for 67.8% of the time in YJ10 treatment， which was the best performance of all treatments in terms of soil moisture preservation. The soil moisture preservation ability of MJ5 was second only to YJ10. During the whole growth period, CK showed the highest water consumption, while YJ10 showed the lowest water consumption,the water use efficiency of YJ10 was 1.33 times of CK. The water consumption of MJ5 was only greater than that of YJ10, and there was no significant difference between them. The results of this study showed that the first choice of straw mulching material for kiwifruit orchards in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi was corn straw with thickness of 10 cm, and the second choice was wheat straw with thickness of 5 cm. |
| keywords:Straw mulching Kiwifruit orchard Soil moisture |
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