| 补饲开食料对断奶前后牦牛犊牛生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响 |
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| 引用本文：郝文君，刘书杰，郭文杰，张玉莹，张 博，王 音，焦 洋，崔占鸿.补饲开食料对断奶前后牦牛犊牛生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响[J].西北农业学报,2023,(5):666~676 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2023.05.002 |
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| 基金项目:青海省自然科学基金（2020-ZJ-911）。 |
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| 中文摘要:旨在探讨补饲开食料对牦牛犊牛生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响。选取出生日龄、体质量相近、健康的大通牦牛犊牛（公）30头，随机等分为两组，对照组犊牛饲喂代乳粉和苜蓿干草，补饲组犊牛在对照组基础上补饲开食料，两组犊牛的干物质饲喂质量保持一致。分别在犊牛断奶前（160 日龄）和断奶后（230 日龄）进行屠宰，每组各屠宰5头，采取肝脏、胸腺和脾脏，观察各器官组织形态，测定分泌激素和细胞因子含量。结果表明：补饲开食料显著提高160日龄和230日龄犊牛平均日增质量。补饲开食料促进160日龄和230日龄犊牛肝细胞的发育；160日龄犊牛肝脏细胞因子含量显著高于对照组，230日龄对照组犊牛肝脏细胞因子含量显著高于试验组。160日龄和230日龄犊牛胸腺皮质厚度显著高于对照组，胸腺细胞因子含量差异不显著。160日龄试验组犊牛脾脏脾小结半径显著大于对照组，脾脏细胞因子含量显著高于对照组；230日龄两组犊牛脾脏细胞因子含量差异不显著。综上，补饲开食料提高160日龄犊牛生长性能，促进免疫器官发育，有效提高犊牛系统免疫力；对230日龄犊牛免疫器官形态发育和功能也具有潜在正向调控作用。 |
| 中文关键词:牦牛犊牛 开食料 生长性能 免疫器官 激素 细胞因子 |
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| Effect of Starter Feed Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immune Organ Development of Pre- and Post-Weaning Yak Calves |
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| Abstract:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of starter feed supplementation on growth performance and immune organ development of yak calves. 30 healthy male Datong yak calves with similar birth age and body mass were selected and randomly assigned to 2 treatments. Calves in the control group were fed with milk replacer and alfalfa hay, the calves in supplementation group were fed with starter feed based on the control group, the calves in the two groups were offered with the same of dry matter feed daily. Then 5 calves from each group were slaughtered at pre-weaning 160-day-old of age and post-weaning 230-day-old of age, Liver, thymus and spleen were sampled for measurement of the organ morphology and the contents of hormones and cytokines. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, the growth performance of yak calves in starter feed supplementation group was significantly increased in the net mass and average daily gain at 160 and 230-day-old of age. 2) compared with the control group, the liver of yak calves in starter feed supplementation group was significantly increased in the cytokines content of liver at 160-day-old of age and the significantly decreased at 230-day-old of age. Moreover, the development of liver cells of yak calves at 160-day-old and 230-day-old of age was evidently improved. 3) compared with control group,the thicknesses of thymic cortex of yak calves at 160-day-old and 230-day-old of age were significantly increased in starter feed supplementation group , but there was no significant difference in thymic cytokine content. 4) compared with the control group, the radius of splenic nodule was significantly increased and the content of splenic cytokines on yak calves at 160-day-old of age was also identified in starter feed supplementation group, and there was no significant difference in cytokine content of spleen in yak calves at 230-day-old of age. Overall, starter feed supplementation can improve the growth performance of yak calves at 160-day-old of age, the development of liver, thymus and spleen and the secretion of hormones and cytokines. Starter feed supplementation can enhance the development of immune organs and the systemic immunity of yak calves， and produce positive effect on the morphology and functional development of immune organs of yak calves at 230-day-old of age. |
| keywords:Yak calves Starter feed Growth performance Immune organ Hormone Cytokine |
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