| 玉米浆对大球盖菇培养料发酵的影响 |
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| 引用本文：姬快乐,高 莹,贾晓桐,孙 宁,王萌萌,吴 瑕,赵立琴,范博文,杨凤军.玉米浆对大球盖菇培养料发酵的影响[J].西北农业学报,2023,(5):762~771 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2023.05.012 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31801905)；黑龙江省蔬菜现代农业产业技术协同创新体系资助项目(HNWJZTX202001)；大庆市科技局成果转移转化项目（DQKJZH2021-2）；黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才培养计划项目（UNPYSCT-2020042）；研究生创新科研项目（YJSCX2021-Y117）。 |
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| 中文摘要:通过解析工业废弃物玉米浆代替尿素作为补充氮源对大球盖菇培养料发酵过程中理化性质和细菌微生物的影响，以期揭示玉米浆影响培养料发酵过程的生物学机制。试验以玉米秸秆为发酵原材料，以添加玉米浆作为补充氮源为试验组（CS）、以添加尿素为对照（CK），共设两个处理，建堆发酵制作大球盖菇培养料；在发酵过程0 d、3 d、6 d、9 d测定发酵过程中培养料的理化性质，在发酵的3 d（高温期）进行16S rRNA高通量测定发酵堆体的细菌群落结构，并进行理化因子与微生物相关性分析。结果表明添加玉米浆影响堆体发酵的理化性质，使发酵堆体更快地达到高温期，并延长高温持续时间，提高堆体发酵时的温度、pH、电导率以及全氮含量，加快玉米秸秆的分解速度，促进培养料的发酵进程。由高温期的细菌群落丰度变化可知，添加玉米浆能够促进变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）生长，同时抑制拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）生长；鞘氨醇杆菌属（Sphingobacterium）、寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）相对丰度显著降低；芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus）、链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、藤黄色单胞菌属（Luteimonas）和螯台球菌属（Chelatococcus）等成为优势菌属。芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus）与pH、电导率、体积质量显著正相关；海藤黄色单胞菌属（Luteimonas）和螯台球菌属（Chelatococcus）与全氮显著正相关。在秸秆发酵制备大球盖菇培养料的过程中，工业废弃物玉米浆可代替尿素作为大球盖菇培养料的补充氮源，添加玉米浆也使培养料的理化性质及其内部微生物群落的丰度组成发生改变，在一定程度上促进氮循环，更有利于秸秆建堆发酵。 |
| 中文关键词:玉米浆 氮源 发酵 细菌群落 |
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| Effect of Corn Slurry on Fermentation of Pleurotus ostreatus |
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| Abstract:Corn slurry is industrial waste, which is used as supplementary nitrogen source to replace urea in this study, its effect on the physicochemical properties and bacterial microorganisms in the fermentation process of the mushroom culturewas was analyzed, whch is expected to reveal the biological mechanism of maize slurry affecting the fermentation process of the culture. Two treatments were set in this experiment, the corn straw was used as the fermentation material, corn slurry was used as a supplemental nitrogen source, and urea was used as the control. The pile fermentation was conducted to produce the mushroom culture. The physicochemical properties of the culture were measured at 0, 3, 6 and 9 days during the fermentation process, and the diversity and abundance of bacterial microorganisms in the fermentation pile were measured on 3rd day(high temperature period). Finally, a correlation between physicochemical factors and the bacterial microorganisms was performed. The results demonstrated that addition of corn slurry affected the physicochemical properties of the fermentation pile, so the fermentation pile could fast reach the high temperature period, its duration was prolonged,the temperature, pH, conductivity and total nitrogen content of the fermentation pile were increased, and the fermentation process of the culture material was promoted. The changes in bacterial community abundance during the high temperature period indicated that the addition of corn slurry could promote the growth of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, while it inhibited the growth of Bacteroidota; Sphingobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were significantly reduced in relative abundance; Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Streptomyces, Luteimonas and Chelatococcus became the dominant genera. Bacillus and Paenibacillus were significantly and positively correlated with pH, conductivity and bulk mass; Luteimonas and Chelatococcus were significantly and positively correlated with total nitrogen. The results demonstrated that corn slurry can replace urea as a supplementary nitrogen source for the Agaricus grandis culture during the straw fermentation process. Further, the addition of corn slurry also changes the physicochemical properties of the culture and the abundance composition of its internal microbial community, which promotes nitrogen cycling to a certain extent and is more conducive to straw pile fermentation. |
| keywords:Corn slurry Nitrogen source Fermentation Bacterial community |
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