| 宁夏部分地区哺乳期奶犊牛群中腹泻相关病原流行病学调查 |
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| 引用本文：崔省委，赵清梅，于 鲲，薛佳祺，孙若菡，李 勇，马 云，余永涛.宁夏部分地区哺乳期奶犊牛群中腹泻相关病原流行病学调查[J].西北农业学报,2024,(9):1599~1613 |
| DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2024.09.001 |
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| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2021BEF02028，2021BEF01001）；宁夏自然科学基金（2022AAC03231，2023AAC03051）。 |
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| 中文摘要:为了解宁夏地区哺乳期奶犊牛群中腹泻相关病原的流行情况，采用PCR和RT-PCR法对采自宁夏4个地区、18个规模化奶牛场的334份哺乳期犊牛粪便样品分别进行牛轮状病毒（Bovine rotavirus, BRV）、牛冠状病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛诺如病毒（Bovine norovirus, BNoV）、牛纽布病毒、牛星状病毒、牛环曲病毒、牛嵴病毒（Bovine kobuvirus, BKoV）、牛肠道病毒、隐孢子虫、艾美耳球虫、贾第鞭毛虫、K99型大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌14种腹泻相关病原的检测，并对各种病原的流行特点和主要流行病原的遗传进化关系进行分析。结果显示，从宁夏地区哺乳犊牛粪便中共检出13种腹泻相关病原，其中隐孢子虫（38.02%）、BRV（19.76%）、BKoV（18.56%）和BNoV（13.77%）检出率较高，隐孢子虫、BRV和BKoV在腹泻犊牛粪便中的检出率显著高于健康犊牛（P<0.05）。单一病原感染类型占比显著高于两种或两种以上病原混合感染的类型（P< 0.05）。在宁夏4个地区、3个季节采集的样品中，隐孢子虫、BRV、BKoV和BNoV检出率相对较高，在1~30日龄犊牛群中隐孢子虫、BRV和BKoV检出率较高，在31~60日龄犊牛中隐孢子虫和BNoV检出率较高，在60日龄以上的哺乳犊牛中BKoV、BEV和隐孢子虫检出率较高。遗传进化分析结果显示，哺乳犊牛感染的隐孢子虫主要为微小隐孢子虫，BRV主要为A型轮状病毒，BKoV主要为B型爱知病毒，BNoV主要为GIII.2型诺如病毒。以上结果表明，隐孢子虫、BRV、BKoV和BNoV是宁夏地区哺乳期奶犊牛群中主要流行的腹泻相关病原，并与犊牛腹泻的发生关系密切。单一病原感染是哺乳期奶犊牛腹泻相关病原感染的主要类型。犊牛感染的病原种类与季节和日龄关系密切。 |
| 中文关键词:哺乳期奶犊牛 犊牛腹泻 病原 流行病学调查 |
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| Epidemiological Investigation of Diarrhea-associated Pathogens in Suckling Dairy Calf Herds in Some Areas of Ningxia |
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| Abstract:To understand the prevalence of diarrhea-associated pathogens in suckling dairy calves in the Ningxia region, 334 fecal samples from suckling calves were collected from 18 large-scale dairy farms in four regions of Ningxia.The samples were tested for bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine norovirus (BNoV), bovine nebovirus, bovine astrovirus, bovine torovirus, bovine kobuvirus (BKoV), bovine enterovirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., Giardia spp., E. coli K99, and Salmonella spp. through PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. The epidemic characteristics of pathogens and the genetic evolutionary relationship of the main epidemic pathogens were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 13 diarrhea-related pathogens were detected in the feces of suckling calves in Ningxia, among these, cryptosporidium (38.02%), BRV (19.76%), BKoV (18.56%) and BNoV (13.77%) were the most commonly observed pathogens. The detection rates of Cryptosporidium spp., BRV, and BKoV in the diarrhea group were significantly higher than that in the healthy group (P<0.05). The proportion of single pathogen infection was significantly higher than that of two or more mixed pathogens(P<0.05). The samples collected from four regions and three seasons in Ningxia had relatively higher detection rates of Cryptosporidium, BRV, BKoV, and BNoV. The detection rates of Cryptosporidium, BRV, and BNoV were higher in calves aged 1 to 30 days.Meanwhile, the detection rates of Cryptosporidium and BNoV were higher in calves aged 31 to 60 days, and the detection rates of BKoV, BEV, and Cryptosporidium were higher in suckling calves above 60 days. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that Cryptosporidium, BRV, BKoV, and BNoV infected suckling calves were mainly Cryptosporidium parvus, BKoV type A, BKoV type B, and BNoV type GIII.2. The above results indicated that Cryptosporidium, BRV, BKoV, and BNoV are the main pathogens associated with diarrhea in suckling calves in Ningxia, and are closely related to the occurrence of diarrhea in calves. Single pathogen infection is the main infection type of diarrhea-related pathogens in suckling calves. The pathogenic species of calves are closely related to season and age. |
| keywords:Suckling dairy calves Calf diarrhea Pathogen Epidemiological investigation |
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