| 施氮量对大豆氮同化和根际土壤氮转化的影响 |
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| 引用本文：梁 爽，张 璨，周雅男，胡蕾蕾，罗华影，车 钊，董召荣，王晓波，宋 贺.施氮量对大豆氮同化和根际土壤氮转化的影响[J].西北农业学报,2025,(2):211~221 |
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| 基金项目:安徽省高等学校科学研究自然科学类重点项目（2023AH050989）。 |
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| 中文摘要:为探究不同施氮量对大豆氮同化及根际氮素相互转化的影响，明确大豆合理施氮水平，本研究以‘皖豆15’为试验材料，设置6个施氮水平：N0（0 kg·hm-2）、N1（40 kg·hm-2）、N2（80 kg·hm-2）、N3（120 kg·hm-2）、N4（160 kg·hm-2）、N5（200 kg·hm-2），采用三室隔网根箱试验法，研究不同施氮量对分枝期和花荚期大豆氮素积累、根瘤固氮能力及土壤硝化和反硝化过程的影响。结果表明：大豆干物质量和氮积累随施氮量增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。在根瘤发育方面，随施氮量增加，两时期根瘤数量与鲜质量逐渐降低；分枝期根瘤菌nifH基因丰度先降低后升高，而花荚期根瘤菌nifH基因丰度先升高后降低。在根际硝化作用中，施氮会增加两时期土壤硝化潜势，氨氧化古菌（AOA）丰度呈先升高后降低的趋势，对氨氧化细菌（AOB）丰度的影响不明显。在反硝化方面，施氮对两时期反硝化能力无显著影响；随施氮量增加，分枝期narG基因丰度呈先降低后升高的趋势，花荚期narG基因丰度呈下降趋势。相关性分析及PLS-SEM表明，分枝期氮素积累受施氮量影响较大，施氮量正向调控AOA丰度、根际硝化过程和根际固氮菌nifH丰度，最终影响植株氮素积累。综上所述，适量施氮(120 kg·hm-2)能有效增加根瘤菌丰度，改善根际硝化过程，提高大豆生长和植株氮积累。 |
| 中文关键词:大豆 施氮 根瘤固氮 氮素转化 |
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| Effect of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Assimilation and Rhizosphere Soil Nitrogen Transformation in Soybean |
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| Abstract:To investigate the effects of different nitrogen application rates on soybean nitrogen assimilation and rhizosphere nitrogen conversion,and to clarify the rational nitrogen application level of soybean,‘Wandou 15’ was used as the experimental material,six nitrogen application levels were set:N0 (0 kg·hm-2),N1 (40 kg·hm-2),N2 (80 kg·hm-2),N3 (120 kg·hm-2),N4 (160 kg·hm-2),and N5 (200 kg·hm-2).The three-chamber rhizobox experiment method was used to analyze the effect of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen accumulation,root nodule nitrogen fixation,and soil nitrification and denitrification processes during the soybean branching and podding stages.The results showed that soybean dry matter mass and nitrogen accumulation increased initially and then decreased as nitrogen application increased.In rhizoma development,the number of rhizomes and fresh mass gradually decreased with increasing N application.The abundance of Rhizobium nifH genes firstly decreased and then increased during the branching stage,while it increased first and then decreased during the flowering and podding stages.Nitrogen application increased the soil’s nitrification potential during both periods.The abundance of AOA increased at first and then decreased,while the effect on AOB abundance was minimal.Nitrogen application had no significant effect on denitrification capacity during both periods.As nitrogen application increased,the abundance of the narG gene decreased,then increased,and finally decreased during the branching stage,while it showed a continuous decrease during the flowering and podding stages.Correlation analysis and PLS-SEM showed that nitrogen accumulation significantly affected nitrogen accumulation during the branching stage.This positively regulated AOA abundance,indirectly affecting soil nitrification,and also increased the abundance of nitrogen-fixing nifH bacteria,indirectly promoting plant nitrogen accumulation.In summary,moderate N application (120 kg·hm-2) effectively increases rhizomes,nitrification,and enhances soybean growth and plant N accumulation. |
| keywords:Soybean Nitrogen application Nodule fixation of nitrogen Nitrogen transformation |
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