耕作和覆膜对马铃薯根际土壤氮循环功能微生物的影响     点此下载全文 引用本文：魏彦雄，张绪成，马明生，尹嘉德，侯慧芝，赵绮志，谢军红.耕作和覆膜对马铃薯根际土壤氮循环功能微生物的影响[J].西北农业学报,2025,(2):232~242 DOI: 摘要点击次数: 35 全文下载次数: 25 作者 单位 魏彦雄，张绪成，马明生，尹嘉德，侯慧芝，赵绮志，谢军红  （1.甘肃农业大学 农学院，兰州 730070；2.农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室，兰州 730070；3.甘肃省农业科学院 旱地农业研究所，兰州 730070；4.甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室，兰州 730070）  基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2021YFD1900700）；甘肃省科技计划项目（23JRRA1340，22JR5RA763）；甘肃省农业农村厅科技支撑项目（KJZC-2023-5）；甘肃省农业科学院科研项目（2023GAAS05，2023GAAS20）。 中文摘要:针对甘肃陇东地区不同耕作方式和地膜覆盖引起的耕地质量和马铃薯产量差异等问题，利用甘肃省农业科学院灵台马铃薯大田试验基地，探索耕作方式（立式深旋耕作、传统耕作）和覆盖（地膜覆盖、不覆盖）对马铃薯农田根际土壤氮循环功能微生物的影响。结果表明：与传统耕作相比，立式深旋耕作提高amoA-AOA、nifH_a基因丰度16.8%和46.7%，提高土壤NH+234-N、土壤含水量、土壤≥2 mm团聚体占比5.9%、36.4%和60.6%。与不覆膜相比，覆膜提高amoA-AOA、amoA-AOB、nirK、nosZ和nifH_a基因丰度 64.5%、47.6%、41.6%、30.9%和170.5%，提高土壤NO-234-N含量、土壤含水量和土壤温度12.6%、30.3%和18.9%；降低速效磷(AK)含量、速效钾含量31.4%和11.4%。立式深旋耕作覆膜较其他处理提高NH+234-N含量、土壤含水量和土壤温度3.9%～7.9%、29.5%～78.1%和1.7%～20.9%，降低AK、速效钾和总团聚体含量27.8%～38.7%、0.6%～17.9%和0.7%～33.4%。冗余分析表明，所有功能基因与土壤温度、土 壤≥2 mm团聚体、土壤AK和土壤含水量显著正相关，与土壤pH、土壤有机碳显著负相关。amoA-AOA、amoA-AOB和nifH_a与AK正相关，nirK基因与AK负相关。除此之外，土壤温度和土壤速效磷是影响氮循环功能基因的关键因子。 中文关键词:耕作  地膜覆盖  氮循环  功能基因  土壤理化性质   Effects of Tillage and Mulching on Nitrogen Cycling Functional Microbes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Potatoes Abstract:To address the differences in cultivated land quality and potato yield caused by different tillage methods and plastic mulching in the Longdong region of Gansu, we conducted an experiment at the Lingtai Potato Field Experimental Base of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The study investigated the effects of tillage methods (vertical deep rotary tillage, traditional tillage) and mulching (plastic mulching, no mulching) on nitrogen cycling functional microbes in the rhizosphere soil of potato fields.The results showed that compared to traditional tillage, vertical deep rotary tillage increased the abundance of amoA-AOA and nifH_a genes by 16.8% and 46.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil NH+234-N, soil moisture content, and the proportion of soil aggregates ≥2 mm by 5.9%, 36.4%, and 60.6%, respectively.Compared to no mulching, plastic mulching increased the abundance of amoA-AOA, amoA-AOB, nirK, nosZ, and nifH_a genes by 64.5%, 47.6%, 41.6%, 30.9%, and 170.5%, respectively.It increased soil NO-234-N content, soil moisture content, and soil temperature by 12.6%, 30.3%, and 18.9%, respectively, while reducing available phosphorus and potassium（AK） contents by 31.4% and 11.4%, respectively.Vertical deep rotary tillage with mulching increased NH+234-N content, soil moisture content, and soil temperature by 3.9%-7.9%, 29.5%-78.1%, and 1.7%-20.9%, respectively.It also reduced(AK), available potassium content, and total aggregate content by 27.8%-38.7%, 0.6%-17.9%, and 0.7%-33.4%, respectively.Redundancy analysis indicated that all functional genes had significantly positive correlation with soil temperature, soil aggregates ≥2 mm, AK, and soil moisture content, while showing significant negative correlations with soil pH and organic carbon.The amoA-AOA, amoA-AOB, and nifH_a genes were positively correlated with AK, whereas the nirK gene was negatively correlated with AK.In addition, soil temperature and available phosphorus were identified as key factors influencing nitrogen cycling functional genes. keywords:Tillage  Plastic mulching  Nitrogen cycle  Functional genes  Soil physicochemical properties 查看全文  查看/发表评论  下载PDF阅读器

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