| 青海干旱盐碱地区不同生境土壤微生物多样性分析 |
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| 引用本文：张湑泽，王雪韧，杜 萌，哈金强，王 启，沈迎芳，杨鑫光.青海干旱盐碱地区不同生境土壤微生物多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2025,(2):309~318 |
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| 基金项目:2023年中央科研创新平台建设项目—青海省林业草原生态系统功能维护及可持续开发利用科研创新团队（30160101141）;青海省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202210748028）;青海民族大学校级规划项目（2021XJXS22）。 |
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| 中文摘要:为研究不同生境土壤微生物群落多样性及其与土壤理化性质的关系，采集青海海西格尔木周边耕作土壤、非耕作土壤、荒漠土壤及盐碱土壤，测定其理化性质，利用Illumina-MiSeq平台进行16S扩增子测序，分析不同类型土壤微生物群落组成和多样性，研究土壤菌群与土壤理化性质的对应关系，为干旱盐碱条件下植物抗逆生长提供理论数据。结果表明：4种土壤的微生物群落多样性为耕作土＞盐碱土＞非耕作土＞荒漠土。细菌优势类群（门、属）的组成及丰度在不同地区间存在差异。其中，耕作土壤的优势微生物为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、芽孢单菌门；非耕作土壤的芽孢单菌门丰度相对于耕作土壤降低，而拟杆菌门和放线菌门的丰度则较高。荒漠土壤和盐碱土壤内的优势微生物为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门，厚壁菌门在盐碱土壤中的丰度高于荒漠土壤，放线菌门则相反。鞘脂单胞菌属是耕作土壤的最优势属，盐单胞菌属为非耕作土壤、荒漠土壤和盐碱土的最优势属。理化因子与土壤微生物群落相关性分析显示，电导率、水溶性盐含量与土壤微生物群落呈极显著正相关，有机碳含量和微生物群落多样性不具有显著相关性。表明电导率和水溶性盐含量是影响柴达木干旱盐碱土壤微生物群落多样性的主要因子。 |
| 中文关键词:土壤微生物 群落 多样性 理化性质 |
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| Analysis of Soil Microbial Diversity in Different Habitats inan Arid,Saline-alkali Area of Qinghai Province |
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| Abstract:To explore the relationship between soil microbial community diversity and soil physical and chemical properties across different habitats,samples were collected from cultivated soil,non-cultivated soil,desert soil,and saline-alkali soil.The physical and chemical properties of these soil samples were measured.For the analysis of microbial community composition and diversity,the Illumina MisEQ platform was used for 16S amplicon sequencing.The relationship between soil flora and soil physical and chemical properties was also analyzed.The results showed that the order of microbial community diversity was cultivated soil > saline-alkali soil > non-cultivated soil > desert soil .The composition and abundance of the dominant bacterial groups (phyla and genera) varied among the different regions.The dominant bacteria in the cultivated soils were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,and Blastomonas.The abundance of Bacillus monophyta in non-cultivated soil was lower than that in cultivated soil,whereas the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were higher.The dominant bacterial phyla in desert and saline soils were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,and Firmicutes.The abundance of Firmicutes was higher in saline soil than in desert soil,whereas the opposite was true for the abundance of Actinobacteria.Sphingomonas was the most dominant genus in cultivated soils,whereas Halomonas was the most dominant genus in non-cultivated,desert,and saline soils.The correlation analysis between physical and chemical factors and soil microbial community showed that electrical conductivity and water-soluble salt content were significantly positively correlated with microbial community diversity (P<0.01),whereas organic carbon content was not significantly correlated with bacterial community diversity.These results indicate that electrical conductivity and water-soluble salt content are the main factors affecting soil microbial community diversity. |
| keywords:Soil microbe Community Diversity Physical and chemical properties |
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