| 水氮互作对玉米和大豆带状复合种植模式下大豆光合特性、籽粒产量及品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文：邓浩亮，潘小番，兰雪梅，肖 让，王勤礼.水氮互作对玉米和大豆带状复合种植模式下大豆光合特性、籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2025,(4):592~605 |
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| 基金项目:甘肃省自然科学基金 (22JR5RG561)；甘肃省教育厅高校教师创新基金（2025A-183)；张掖市市级科技计划项目（ZY2024JS27）；河西学院博士科研启动基金 (KYQD2020012, KYQD2023018)。 |
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| 中文摘要:为探讨玉米和大豆带状复合种植模式下大豆光合特性、生长特征、产量、籽粒品质和水氮利用效率对不同水氮组合的响应，于2022—2023年通过田间试验，采用灌溉和施氮2因素交互设计，按照农田实际蒸散量（ETc），设置3个灌溉水平：低水（W1，60%ETc）、中水（W2，80%ETc）和高水（W3，100%ETc），每个灌溉水平下设置4个施氮水平：不施氮（N0，0 kg/hm）、低氮（N1，减氮40%，51 kg/hm）、中氮（N2，减氮20%，68 kg/hm）、高氮（N3，常规施氮量，85 kg/hm）。结果表明：相同施氮或灌溉水平下大豆的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均随施氮量或灌水量增加而提高，但随着施氮量或灌水量不断增加逐渐趋于稳定。适宜的水氮配比能显著改善大豆生长的水肥环境，提高叶面积指数、根冠比和地上干物质积累量，同时改善大豆品质、提高产量和水氮利用效率，其中灌溉量891.2~931.0 m/hm、施氮量68.0 kg/hm时大豆产量和经济效益最高，分别可达2 004.38~2 180.95 kg/hm和10 686.66~11 424.97 元/hm，较其他处理增幅5.08%~229.39%，同时还可获得较高的水氮利用效率。综合考虑产量、水氮利用效率、品质等指标，利用主成分分析法对9个水氮组合处理进行综合评价，得出灌溉量891.2~931.0 m/hm、施氮量68.0 kg/hm时综合评分最高，是河西绿洲玉米和大豆带状复合种植模式下大豆节水减氮、增产调质的有效举措。 |
| 中文关键词:水氮互作 大豆 带状复合种植 光合特性 产量 品质 水氮利用效率 |
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| Effects of Water-nitrogen Interactions on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Grain Yield and Quality of Soybean under Maize-soybean Strip Intercropping Planting System |
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| Abstract:A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the effects of different water-nitrogen combinations on soybean photosynthetic characteristics, growth, yield, grain quality and water-nitrogen use efficiency under a maize-soybean strip intercropping system.The experiment used a two-factor interaction design with irrigation and nitrogen application.Three irrigation levels were set based on the actual evapotranspiration (ETc) :low (W1, 60% ETc), medium (W2, 80% ETc), and high (W3, 100% ETc).Four nitrogen levels were set :no nitrogen (N0, 0 kg/hm), low nitrogen (N1, 40% nitrogen reduction, 51 kg/hm), medium nitrogen (N2, 20% nitrogen reduction, 68 kg/hm), and high nitrogen (N3, conventional nitrogen application, 85 kg/hm).The results showed that net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of soybean increased with higher nitrogen and irrigation levels but stabilized at higher levels.An appropriate water-nitrogen ratio significantly improved the water-fertilizer environment, increased leaf area index, root-shoot ratio and aboveground dry matter accumulation, and enhanced soybean quality, yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency.Among them, the yield and economic benefit of soybean were the highest when irrigation amount was 100%ETc and nitrogen application amount was 68.0 kg/hm, reaching 2 004.38-2 180.95kg/hm and 10 686.66-11 424.97 yuan /hm, respectively, representing a 5.08%-229.39%increase compared with other treatments.Additionally, higher water-nitrogen use efficiency was achieved.Considering yield, water-nitrogen use efficiency, quality and other indices, the nine water-nitrogen combination treatments were comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis.The highest score was achieved with 891.2-931.0 m/hm irrigation and 68.0 kg/hm nitrogen.This combination is an effective measure for saving water, reducing nitrogen, increasing yield and improving quality of soybean under the maize-soybean strip intercropping planting system in the Hexi oasis irrigation area. |
| keywords:Water-nitrogen interaction Soybean Strip intercropping planting Photosynthetic characteristics Yield Quality Water-nitrogen use efficiency |
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