| 1990-2025年宁夏南部山区冬小麦主要性状演变及相关分析 |
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| 引用本文：王 峰，辛 娟，虎芳芳，刘 龙.1990-2025年宁夏南部山区冬小麦主要性状演变及相关分析[J].西北农业学报,2026,(3):409~417 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32260923）；甘肃省现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑计划（GSLK-2022-11)。 |
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| 中文摘要:利用宁夏南部山区1990-2025年推广种植的37份冬小麦品种区域试验结果，研究不同年代主推品种主要性状演变规律，为宁夏南部山区冬小麦品种选育和高产栽培提供参考。研究结果表明，1990-2025年宁夏南部山区冬小麦主推品种产量水平呈逐年上升趋势，平均每年提高34.4 kg/hm2；有效穗数年均增加1.42 万/hm2、单穗粒数年均增加0.02粒/穗、千粒质量基本保持稳定。生育期平均缩短0.27 d/a；株高平均降低0.42 cm/a；抗旱、抗寒性稳步增强，抗条锈病能力显著提高，特别是自主选育品种。品种体积质量、粗蛋白、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间持续向好，吸水率呈下降趋势，面团稳定时间相对较低。相关性和通径分析表明，单位面积穗数对产量的直接作用最大，其次是千粒质量，穗粒数较小。今后宁夏南部山区冬小麦品种选育应在确保抗旱、抗寒和抗条锈病能力稳固增强的基础上，实现丰产性与品质性状的优化提升。选择株高适宜，分蘖成穗率高，多花、多实的大穗品种，株高85~95 cm、穗数525万/hm2~600万/hm2、穗粒数33~35粒、千粒质量39~43 g的品种更易实现高产；面团稳定时间增加作为改善小麦品质育种的主攻方向。 |
| 中文关键词:宁夏 南部山区 冬小麦 主要性状 演变 |
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| Evolution and Correlation Analysis of Major Traits in Winter Wheat in Southern Mountainous Area of Ningxia from 1990 to 2025 |
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| Abstract:Based on regional trial results of 37 winter wheat varieties cultivated in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia from 1990 to 2025, this study investigates the evolutionary patterns of major traits in dominant cultivars over different periods, aiming to provide references for winter wheat breeding and high-yield cultivation in the region. The results showed that yield increased steadily over the 35-year period, with an average annual increase of 34.4 kg/hm2. The effective spike number increased by an average of 14 200 panicles/hm2, grain number per spike increased by 0.02, and the 1 000- grain mass remained relatively stable.The growth period shortened at a rate of 0.27 d/a and plant height decreased by 0.42 cm/a.Drought resistance and cold resistance improved steadily, while rust resistance showed significant enhancement, especially in independently bred varieties. Grain volumic mass, crude protein content, wet gluten content, and dough stability time continuously improved, while water absorption declined, and dough stability time, though improved, remained relatively low. Correlation and path analysis indicated that effective spike number per unit area had the most significant direct effect on yield, followed by 1 000-grain mass, while grain number per spike had a smaller direct effect. Future breeding efforts for winter wheat in the region should focus on optimizing yield and quality traits while maintaining improvements in drought, cold, and rust resistance. Varieties with appropriate plant heights, a high productive tillering rate, and favorable floret and grain-setting characteristics are recommended. Specifically, the target traits include plant heights of 85-95 cm, 5.25- 6.00 million effective spikes per hectare, 33-35 grains per spike, and a 1 000-grain mass of 39-43 g . Increasing dough stability time should also be a key breeding objective for improving wheat quality through breeding. |
| keywords:Ningxia Southern mountainous areas Winter wheat Major traits Evolution |
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