| 70份谷子核心种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析 |
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| 引用本文：赵 云，刘 俊，冯国郡，胡相伟，王 卉，再吐尼古丽·库尔班，杨宝谊，王宏进，吴 岳，刘雅欣 ，阿依加马丽·阿里木，伊丽姆努尔·巴克尔.70份谷子核心种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2026,(3):428~438 |
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| 基金项目:谷子种质资源耐盐碱精准鉴定及基因挖掘（2025D01B136）；谷子耐旱关键基因的克隆与新材料创制（ZYYD2025ZY06）；谷子提质增效关键技术研究与示范（2023SNGGGCC005）；国家谷子高粱产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站（CARS-06-B30）。 |
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| 中文摘要:解析70份谷子种质资源的遗传多样性特征及其表型变异规律，为优异种质筛选与遗传改良提供理论依据。基于8个质量性状和14个数量性状，通过遗传多样性指数（H′）、变异系数（CV）、相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）及系统聚类分析，综合评价谷子表型性状的遗传变异特征。结果表明：质量性状中，穗型（H′=1.084）和穗松紧度（H′=0.943）遗传多样性最丰富，幼苗叶姿（H′=0.328）最低。穗型以纺锤型（82.86%）为主，穗松紧度以中度（58.57%）次之，谷粒色以黄色（81.74%）占优。数量性状中，穗粒质量（CV=20.25%,H′=2.087 ）、产量（CV=17.38%,H′=2.091）和单穗质量（CV=15.99%,H′=2.018）变异最显著，生育期（H′=1.534）和出谷率（H′=1.362）遗传多样性较低。相关分析表明，产量（Y）与株高（PH）呈极显著负相关（r=-0.316） ，与穗粒质量（GQ）呈极显著正相关（r=0.417），与单穗质量（SQ）呈显著正相关（r=0.258）。主成分分析提取前两个主成分累计贡献率59.40%，其中PC1（32.40%）由生育期（|Loading|>0.85）主导，PC2（27.00%） 由千粒质量（|Loading|=0.78）和单穗质量驱动。聚类分析将种质划分为4个类群：第Ⅰ类（8份） 抗倒伏性强（株高119.13 cm，茎粗9.23 mm）；第Ⅱ类（15份）为早熟种质（生育期105~113 d）；第Ⅲ类（37份） 产量较高（7 043.21 kg·hm-2）；第Ⅳ类（29份）综合性状优异（性状变异系数<9.6%）。谷子种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性，穗部性状和产量相关参数为关键变异来源，穗粒质量与单穗质量的协同增效机制为高产育种提供理论依据，早熟、抗倒伏及高产类群可作为定向改良的核心种质，研究结果为谷子遗传资源高效利用及品种选育策略优化奠定基础。 |
| 中文关键词:谷子 种质资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 |
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| Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotype Traits in 70 Core Foxtail Millet Germplasm Resources |
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| Abstract:Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)，known for its climate resilience and dual-purpose utility，is underutilized in breeding programs despite its agricultural potential.To assess genetic diversity and phenotypic variation in 70 foxtail millet accessions and support elite germplasm selection，this study analyzed eight qualitative and 14 quantitative traits using genetic diversity index (H′)，coefficient of variation (CV)，correlation，principal component (PCA)，and cluster analysis.Among qualitative traits，panicle type (H′=1.084) and compactness (H′=0.943) showed the highest genetic diversity，while seedling leaf posture had the lowest (H′=0.328).Spindle panicles (82.86%)，moderate compactness (58.57%)，and yellow grains (81.74%) were predominant.For quantitative traits，grain mass per panicle (CV=20.25%，H′=2.087)，yield (CV=17.38%，H′=2.091)，and panicle mass per plant (CV=15.99%，H′=2.018) showed the most significant variation.Growth period (H′=1.534 ) and grain output rate (H′=1.362) were less variable.Correlation analysis showed that yield (Y) was highly significantly negatively correlated with plant height (PH) (r=-0.316)，highly significantly positively correlated with grain quality per panicle (GQ) (r=0.417)，and significantly positively correlated with spike mass (SW) (r=0.258).PCA identified two components (cumulative contribution: 59.40%): with PC1 (32.40%) strongly associated with growth period (|Loading|>0.85) and PC2 (27.00%) with 1 000-grain mass (|Loading|=0.78) and panicle mass per plant.Cluster analysis classified the accessions into four groups: Group I (n= 8) with strong lodging resistance (plant height: 119.13 cm，stem diameter: 9.23 mm); Group II (n= 15) with early- maturity (105-113 d); Group III (n= 37) with high yield (7 043.21 kg·hm-2); and Group IV (n= 29) with balanced traits (CV<9.6%) .These results demonstrated substantial genetic diversity，with yield-related traits as key contributors to phenotypic variation.The strong association between grain mass per panicle and panicle mass per plant suggest potential for synergistic yield improvement.The identified accessions represent valuable resources for targeted breeding and genetic enhancement of foxtail millet. |
| keywords:Foxtail millet Endoplasm resources Phenotypic traits Genetic diversity |
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