| 减量施氮和秸秆还田实现麦玉轮作系统氮平衡 |
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| 引用本文：邹 亮，谢心雨，黄禹铭，白金泽，白雨欣，宋鉴恒，王晨瑜，王 兴，任广鑫，冯永忠.减量施氮和秸秆还田实现麦玉轮作系统氮平衡[J].西北农业学报,2026,(3):447~456 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31971859）。 |
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| 中文摘要:基于2018-2020年关中平原田间长期定位试验，设传统施氮不还田（N1S0）、传统施氮还田（N1S）、减量施氮不还田（N0.7S0）和减量施氮还田（N0.7S）4种处理，评估2018-2020连续两年的小麦玉米生长季秸秆还田和减量施氮对种植系统氮平衡和作物生产力的影响。结果表明，与秸秆不还田（S0）相比，秸秆还田（S）显著增加周年籽粒产量、周年NH3挥发和周年N2O排放，分别为7.31%~8.01%、30.76%~40.74%和62.45%~ 73.96%；在秸秆还田的条件下，与传统施氮（N）相比，减量施氮（N0.7）显著降低周年NH3挥发17.71%~ 22.36%；与其他处理相比，N0.7S的0~200 cm土壤硝态氮淋失量最低；N1S0、N1S、N0.7S0和N0.7S的氮平衡值分别为67.7~84.3、135.8~152.9、-2~11.8和53.6~73.1 kg/hm2，在不同管理措施下，N0.7S0虽然氮平衡值最低，但其氮平衡值在2019-2020生长季为-2 kg/hm2，存在一定的亏缺风险。综合作物产量、氮损失和氮平衡，N0.7S可以在维持籽粒产量的同时，最大限度降低土壤气态氮、硝态氮淋溶和作物系统氮平衡值，是一种可以兼顾作物产量、环境友好和可持续生产的土壤管理方法。 |
| 中文关键词:减量施氮 秸秆还田 麦玉轮作 氮平衡 |
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| Nitrogen Balance in Wheat and Maize Rotation System Under Reduced Nitrogen Application and Straw Returning to Field |
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| Abstract:Based on a long-term in situ experiment conducted on the Guanzhong Plain from 2018-2020,four treatments were set up: traditional nitrogen application without straw returning to the field（N1S0）,reduced nitrogen application with straw returning to the field（N1S）,reduced nitrogen application without straw returning to the field（N0.7S0）,and reduced nitrogen application with straw returning to the field（N0.7S）.The effects of straw returning and reduced nitrogen application on the soil nitrogen balance and crop productivity in the wheat-maize growing season were investigated for two consecutive years from 2018 to 2020.The results showed that straw returning（S）significantly increased annual seed yield,annual NH3 volatilization and annual N2O emission by 7.31%-8.01%,30.76%-40.74% and 62.45%-73.96%,respectively,compared with no straw returning to the field（S0）; Traditional N application (N1) significantly reduced annual NH3 volatilization by 17.71%-22.36% compared with N1S.The loss of nitrate-nitrogen from the 0-200 cm soil layer was lowest under N0.7S; the nitrogen balance values of N1S0,N1S,N0.7S0 and N0.7S were 67.7-84.3,135.8 -152.9,-2-11.8 and 53.6-73.1 kg/hm2,respectively.In N0.7S0,although the nitrogen balance was the lowest,its value reached -2 kg/hm2 in the 2019-2020 growing season,indicating a potential risk of nitrogen deficit.Considering crop yield,N losses and N balance,the N0.7S treatment minimized gaseous nitrogen emissions,nitrate-N leaching,and overall system nitrogen surplus while maintaining seed yield.Therefore,N0.7S represents an environmentally friendly and sustainable nitrogen management strategy for wheat-maize rotation systems. |
| keywords:Reduced nitrogen application Straw returning Wheat-maize rotation Nitrogen balance |
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