| 施用苹果酵素液对果园土壤养分含量及植株生长发育的影响 |
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| 引用本文：王 晶，张 倩，郑 伟，翟丙年.施用苹果酵素液对果园土壤养分含量及植株生长发育的影响[J].西北农业学报,2026,(3):523~528 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2023YFD2301003 ）；陕西省科技重大专项（2020ZDZX03-02-01）；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位专项（CARS-27）。 |
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| 中文摘要:以8 a树龄的矮化自根砧瑞雪苹果为供试作物，以残次苹果、红糖、酵母菌等为原料经过厌氧发酵制成的苹果酵素液为供试产品，在陕西省白水县雷牙镇下徐村苹果园进行田间试验,以探索残次苹果酵素液的最佳施用浓度及施用后对土壤和叶片养分含量及果实产量与品质的影响，实现残次苹果资源化循环利用。以清水（CK)为对照，设置不同稀释倍数的苹果酵素液进行田间小区试验，酵素液与清水的体积比分别为1∶25（T1)、1∶50(T2)、1∶100(T3)、1∶200(T4)。结果表明，适宜浓度的苹果酵素液可以提高土壤速效氮、有效磷含量，T2处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤速效氮含量较CK分别增加6.39%和18.09%；土壤有效磷含量较CK显著增加17.79%和33.64%；施用酵素液可以提高土壤有机质含量，以T2处理的提高效果最为显著；施用酵素液可以提高叶片磷含量， T1、T2处理增加显著，分别提高32.58%、14.39%；不同处理下产量高低顺序为T2>T1>T4>T3>CK，从高到低4种浓度酵素液处理分别较CK处理提高19.16% 、40.32% 、5.13%和12.90%；酵素液对土壤pH和速效钾含量及果实品质的影响未达到显著水平。综上所述，施用苹果酵素液可以提高土壤有机质、叶片磷含量以及苹果产量；在适宜浓度下酵素液可以提高土壤的速效氮、速效磷含量；其在苹果园的最佳施用浓度为1∶50倍。 |
| 中文关键词:残次苹果 酵素液 苹果园 施用效果 |
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| Effects of Applying Apple Enzyme Solution on Soil Nutrient Content and Plant Growth and Development in an Apple Orchard |
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| Abstract:Using eight-year-old dwarfing rootstock ‘Ruixue’ apple trees as experimental materials,a field experiment was conducted in an apple orchard at Xiaxu village,Leiya town,Baishui county,Shaanxi Province,to explore the optimal application concentration of apple enzyme solution—prepared from substandard apples,brown sugar,and yeast through anaerobic fermentation—and its effects on soil and leaf nutrient content,fruit yield,and quality,thereby promoting the resource recycling of substandard apples. With water (CK) as the control,different dilution ratios of the apple enzyme solution were applied in a field plot experiment,with volume ratios of enzyme solution to water set at 1∶25 (T1),1∶50 (T2),1∶100 (T3),and 1∶200 (T4). The results showed that an appropriate concentration of apple enzyme solution could increase soil available nitrogen and phosphorus content. Under the T2 treatment,the soil available nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers increased by 6.39% and 18.09%,respectively,compared to CK. The soil available phosphorus content in these layers increased significantly by 17.79% and 33.64%. The application of the enzyme solution also improved soil organic matter content,with the T2 treatment showing the most significant enhancement. Additionally,leaf phosphorus content increased under enzyme solution treatments,with T1 and T2 showing significant increases of 32.58% and 14.39%,respectively. The yield ranking across treatments was T2>T1>T4>T3>CK,with the four enzyme solution treatments increasing yield by 19.16% ,40.32%,5.13% and 12.90%,respectively,compared to CK. However,the enzyme solution had no significant effect on soil pH,available potassium content,or fruit quality. In conclusion,the application of apple enzyme solution improves soil organic matter,leaf phosphorus content,and apple yield. At an appropriate concentration,it also enhances soil available nitrogen and phosphorus levels. The optimal application concentration for apple orchards is a 1∶50 dilution ratio. |
| keywords:Residual apple Enzyme solution Apple orchard Application effect |
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